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Red Light Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain: Review Shows Effectiveness Across Multiple Conditions

Updated: Aug 17


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This review explores the evidence behind low-level laser therapy (LLLT)—also known as photobiomodulation (PBM)—for managing musculoskeletal pain. Drawing from dozens of clinical trials and meta-analyses, the study shows that properly dosed red and near-infrared light therapy can significantly reduce pain and inflammation while improving tissue healing. These effects have been documented across a wide range of conditions, including neck pain, knee osteoarthritis, low back pain, and tendinopathies.


LLLT is shown to be a safe, non-invasive option with minimal side effects, offering a viable alternative or complement to pharmaceuticals and invasive procedures.


Study Overview


Title: The Use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For Musculoskeletal Pain


Quick Summary: This is a review article examining how LLLT works, what conditions it can treat, and what parameters yield the best results. It emphasizes that appropriate dosing and wavelength selection are critical to outcomes and provides clinical evidence from both laboratory and human studies.


Key Findings


  • LLLT has demonstrated significant pain reduction in clinical studies involving neck pain, shoulder tendinopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, low back pain, and knee osteoarthritis.

  • A 2009 review found that LLLT reduced neck pain in 64% of patients immediately after treatment and in 53% of patients even after follow-up.

  • For knee osteoarthritis, a meta-analysis of 7 trials reported significant improvements in both pain and function.

  • The most effective wavelengths for musculoskeletal applications are in the 600–1070 nm range, with different tissue depths requiring different wavelengths.

  • Pain relief is thought to be mediated through mechanisms like reduced inflammation, improved mitochondrial function, and decreased nerve sensitivity.


Study Details


  • Wavelengths Used: 600–1070 nm (visible red and near-infrared)

  • Energy Density (Fluence): Typically 4–10 J/cm² for superficial tissues and up to 60 J/cm² for deeper targets

  • Sample Sizes: Multiple studies cited, including a meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials

  • Safety Profile: Very low risk; no major adverse events reported in reviewed trials

  • Year Published: 2016

  • Where Published: Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences (PubMed Central)


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